Antibiotika-multi-resistente Bakterien

Multiresistente Bakterien werden zu einer immer größeren Bedrohung für die medizinische Versorgung und spielen auch bei der Risikoanalyse zur Herstellung von von ATMP (advanced therapy medicinal products) und TEMP (TEP, tissue-engineered medicinal products) aus Patientenmaterial in Krankenhäusern und Firmen eine immer gräßere Rolle. Aus einem Bericht über das Ausmaß der Verbreitung von Multi-resistenzen der EMA geht hervor, dass nicht nur die Fälle sondern auch die multi-resistenten Arten immer weiter zunehmen.

Multiresistenzen: wie groß ist das Problem ?

There is a gap between the burden of infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria and the development of new antibiotics to tackle the problem.

Resistance to antibiotics is high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause serious infections in humans and reaches 25% or more in several EU Member States.

Resistance is increasing in the EU among certain Gram-negative bacteria such as recently observed for Escherichia coli.

Each year, about 25 000 patients die in the EU from an infection with the selected multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Infections due to these selected multidrug-resistant bacteria in the EU result in extra healthcare costs and productivity losses of at least EUR 1.5 billion each year.

Fifteen systemically administered antibacterial agents with a new mechanism of action or directed against a new bacterial target were identified as being under development with a potential to meet the challenge of multidrug resistance. Most of these were in early phases of development and were primarily developed against bacteria for which treatment options are already available.

There is a particular lack of new agents with new targets or mechanisms of action against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Two such agents with new or possibly new targets and documented activity were identified, both in early phases of development.

A European and global strategy to address this gap is urgently needed.

Bakterienarten mit Multiresistenzen

Die folgenden Keime treten mittlerweile verstärkt auf und sollten bei einer Risikoanalyse betrachtet werden:
• Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance (MRSA);
• S. aureus, vancomycin intermediate resistance and vancomycin resistance (VISA/VRSA);
• Enterococcus spp. (e.g. Enterococcus faecium), vancomycin resistance (VRE);
• Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistance (PRSP);
• Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), third-generation cephalosporin
resistance;
• Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. K. pneumoniae), carbapenem resistance; and
• Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa), carbapenem resistance.